JavaScript Program to Find the Square Root

Before we start writing code to find the square root of a number, first we need to understand the concept of square root.

A Square Root is a number that, when multiplied by itself, results in the original number. It's also known as the inverse of the exponent of 2.

For example, the square root of 4 is 2 and the square root of 100 is 10.

Square roots can be negative and positive. The square root of 0 is undefined because no value has an infinite number of factors and only one power of 0.

Prerequisites

• Basic understanding of JavaScript
• JavaScript data types
• JavaScript variables and constants
• JavaScript Math.sqrt() function
• JavaScript operators (+ and = operators in this case)

Square Root of a Number

We will be using the Math.sqrt() method to find the square root of a number.

Math.sqrt(number);

In the above code,

• Math is the object that contains the sqrt() method
• The sqrt() method returns the square root of the number
• And number is the number whose square root is to be found

// prompt the use to enter a number
const number = prompt('Enter a number: ');

// find the square root of the number
const result = Math.sqrt(number);

// print the result (which is the square root of the number)
console.log(`The square root of ${number} is ${result}`);

The above code will prompt the user to enter a number and then find the square root of that number.

Enter the number: 100
The square root of 100 is 10

Square Root of Different Data Types

JavaScript has a number of data types that can be used. We will try to find the square root of the following types of data:

• a fraction,
• a negative number,
• a string, and
• a boolean

const data1 = 10.04;
const data2 = -16;
const data3 = 'Hello, world!';
const data4 = true;
const data5 = false;

const result1 = Math.sqrt(data1);
console.log(`The square root of ${data1} is ${result1}`);
// The square root of 10.04 is 3.1685959035509716

const result2 = Math.sqrt(data2);
console.log(`The square root of ${data2} is ${result2}`);
// The square root of -16 is NaN

const result3 = Math.sqrt(data3);
console.log(`The square root of ${data3} is ${result3}`);
// The square root of Hello, world! is NaN

const result4 = Math.sqrt(data4);
console.log(`The square root of ${data4} is ${result4}`);
// The square root of true is 1

const result4 = Math.sqrt(data5);
console.log(`The square root of ${data4} is ${result4}`);
// The square root of false is 0

Things to remember about Math.sqrt() function

• If a number is zero, the sqrt() method returns the square root of the number
• If a number is positive, the sqrt() method returns the square root of the number
• If a number is negative, the sqrt() method returns NaN
• If a number is a string, the sqrt() method returns NaN
• If a number is a boolean, the sqrt() method returns 1 or 0 depnding on the value of the boolean whether it is true or false respectively

Summary

In this tutorial, we have learnt how to find the square root of a number using JavaScript. We learnt about finding the square root of different data types and we also looked into the JavaScript's built-in Math.sqrt() method to find the square root of a number.

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